Foundations

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Foundations
Importance of Foundation to Buildings
The foundation
•Provides Anchorage for the building
•carries the load of the building and better transmits it to the soil of better bearing capacity.
•provides a wide surface area to spread the load evenly across soil that can support the load.

Types of Foundation Soil
The choice of foundation depends among other factors on the type of soil in which the foundation is to be constructed.
•Rock - This is a very hard foundation soil, this kind of soil has a high load bearing capacity. It can support strip foundation for a load bearing wall and a pad foundation for isolated loads as those transmitted by columns and similar components.

•Clay - Stiff; suitable for pad foundation and strip foundation. The depth of the foundation should be taken to a depth where it will not be affected by swelling and shrinkage which sometimes occurs in clay soil.

• Gravel and Sand - Compact; suitable for pad foundation and strip foundations.

• Sandy clay: Firm; suitable for strip foundations and pad foundations. The foundation should be should be wide enough, taking into consideration the load bearing capacity of the soil.

•Clay and Silt - Soft; Suitable for raft foundations because of the low load bearing capacity of the soil.

Soils are also classified into two main categories which are;
• Cohesive soils - in which the particles stick together and the examples include silt, clay, clay and silt.

•Non - Cohesive soil- in which the particles do not stick together but are loose, most especially when they are dry.  Examples include rocks, gravel, and sand.

Factors that Influence Choice of foundation

The choice and design for building depends mainly on three factors.

• The total load of the Building

• The Nature and Bearing capacity of the soil.

• The amount of settlement produced by the loading.


Source - Reveal 

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