Good day to you For earthwork support; It is important to access how long an excavation can safely remain open without aid for the sides. If the weather is very dry, then the lack of moisture may cause the soil to shrink, crack before falling in. Generally the looser the soil the more it needs to be supported. If the soil is very wet, then the aides pf tge excavation may become unatable. In both cases it is advisable and better to provide temporary supports to the sides of the excavation. Excavation on a confined site may also need support in case heavy loads are placed or driven to close the edges of the excavation. Earthwork support retain the size of excavation collapsed during the time the excavation will remain open. The process of providing temporary support to the sides of an excavation is referred to as TIMBERING. It is sometime planking and strutting. Timbering is done to; • Protect the operatives while working in excavation. • Keep the excavation open by acting as a ret

DEFINITION: Excavation is done in order to receive the foundation that would be constructed for the building. And this is only done after the setting and marking out. Excavation can be done using two methods: • Manual Method • Mechanical Method The choice of the method of excavation depends on the size of work. In a case of small construction project, it is more economical to use the manual method, while large works will be economical to be effectively executed using the mechanical method of excavation. TOOLS USED IN MANUAL METHOD OF EXCAVATION. • Pick-axes: for digging up the soil • Shovels: to remove the soil been dug • Spade: to level the bottom of the excavation and for loading onto a wheelbarrow • Wheelbarrows to convey or cart away the excavated soil from the excavation area. These are just majorly used tools. EQUIPMENTS USED IN MECHANICAL EXCAVATION. The mechanical method of excavation involves the use of mechanical plants which are capable of multi-tasking. Exampl

Setting out is the transfer of information on the building drawings to the ground with degree of accuracy. When the site clearance is completed the setting out of the work may commence. It is compulsory to have a good knowledge of geometry in order to ensure accurate work without disabilities.  The first task in setting out a building is to establish a baseline from which the whole of the building can be set out.  The building position of this line must be marked on the site, so that it can be properly re-established at any given point in time.  The building line is frequently determined by the highway authority / officials, and in urban areas... It is often EIGHT METERS from the back of the public foot path. If other buildings have been erected at the area the building line can be determined from these existing buildings.  After the base line has been established, marked and checked properly , the main lines of the buildings can be set out, each corner being marked wit

Site Organization: The building site can be considered a temporary factory, where the building is produced this activity to take place the builder requires men, materials and plants. All these have to be carefully controlled so that the men have the right machine is the most adequate positions, the materials stored so that they are readily available and not interfering with the general site circulation a building and the total size of the site on which the building is to be erected. Therefore is no standard size ratio between the free site spaces required considered as a separation problem in terms of allocating spaces for men, plant and and materials. To obtain maximum efficiency, there is an optimum way of laying out the site and also correct amount of expenditure to support the proposed site layout. Any planned layout should be reviewed periodically and adjusted to suit the changing needs of the site activities. A careful consideration of planning and control of this aspect o

Provision of offices on site is a decent preparatory (preliminary) site action. PROVISION OF FACILITIES ON SITE Site Accommodation: Here, the laborers on the site put on something else(clothes), take rest amid breaks from works furthermore have their dinners. Site accommodation and comparative offices given on a site relies on upon the quantity of laborers on the site. Units of settlement more often than not come in two structure. • Sectional Timber Hut • Mobile Caravans or Cabins Sectional Timber Huts: Are pre-assembled for simplicity of amassing and dismantling to encourage the re-use on various locales. Cabins of this nature ought to be outlined, built and kept up with the same consideration as that of a lasting working, to guarantee their utilization for a long time on different quantities of various development site. A very much planned sectional cabin ought to allow/permit the consideration of more narrows to expand the measured size by length and/or Width. Th

Preliminary site activities occurs when a builder takes possession of a building site, it is usually provided with a site layout plan and the important drainage necessary for the erection of the building. Having the site taken over, the task for preparing for(preliminary) and setting out the building can be started. Taking over the site includes having the provision of access road necessary for the site to allow the movement of men, materials, and machines to the site. SITE ACTIVITIES THAT PRECEDE ACTUAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. The following activities precede actual building construction on site. • Provision of access road(necessary) • Site Clearance/clearing. • Site offices and Storage facilities should be provided. • Provision of Site Services. Now, out of these Four major site activites that precede the actual construction of a building that i have listed out, i am going to explain two for today, so keep in touch on the next update. SITE CLEARANCE The preliminary

A roof..; A Roof is the topmost, uppermost covering in a building. It is done during the finishing of a building, a roof prevents a lot of sound ( minimizing sound ), dust , wind and rain , also helps the occupants to enjoy privacy standardly. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF ROOF. • Strength: Roofs depends on the characteristics of the materials from which is constructed and the way on which they are put together in the form of a flat or some form of triangular frame. Stability: A roof is constructed to support the dead load of the roof structure and its covering, insulation and internal finishes, snow loads and pressure of suction due to wind without undue deflection or distortion. Durability: The durability of a roof is dependent largely on the ability of the roof covering to exclude rain and snow . Persistent penetration of water into the roof stricture may cause or encourage decay timber, corrosion of steel or disintegration of concrete. Fire Safety: The require

Windows and Doors as a component in a building, definitely very prior in a housing construction because it has very useful functions.  WINDOWS: Windows provide or gives natural light and ventilation to the interior of a building while excluding rain and pests or insects. Windows are usually made of timber in most cases, but there are other wide variety of materials that can be used in constructing a window. Such of these are ; steel (also  common) , uPVC and aluminum are also popular. Each specific materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF WINDOW 1. The minimum area of a window in a habitable room should be 10 percent of the floor area. 2. The minimum opening area of the window in a standard habitable room should be 5 percent of the floor qrea. 3. A very decent and ADEQUATE security against intruder. 4. An adequate resistance to external weather elements. 5. A good window should be able to render the service o

Good evening there, We continue our discussion on major components of a building. Now can you imagine a building without a wall ? No right. This make walls to be a very important and essential resource to be utilized when constructing a building. A wall is usually the vertical continuous part of a building which, encloses, protects, or divides the building into various rooms and compartment. A wall is made up of blocks, concrete, mortar, stones, metals and so on. Types of walls • Internal walls • Cavity Walls • External Walls • Buttress Walls • Sleeper walls • Parapet Partition Walls and host of other types of walls. You don't wan't your house or building to get broken into by armed robbers, or to get caught up by fire, e.t.c , so you must make sure you consider some factors before beginning a wall construction. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF WALLS; • Openings for both daylight and ventilation • Fire resistance to provide adequate security and st

From the continuation of where we stopped in our last discussion. I am now going to review, define and explain the building components that i listed out in the last post. FOUNDATION : The function of the foundation is to transmit or transfer the load directly from the building finally to the soil, This it must do without excessive settlement and compression of the supporting soil layer. Functional Requirements Of Foundation as a component. • Ability to carry loads with a zero or minimum movement. • Adequate width to safely transmit the loads on it to the supporting layer, as defined above. Functions of Foundation Foundation provides suitable support and stability for building. Transmit to the ground; all the loads that come on the building over a sufficient area of subsoil. Prevents the failure of the building or uneven settlement. Types of foundation selected for a construction is vastly influenced by •The type of building •The site's condition •The nat

Good day.......... Welcome to ArchBaheez . A building, um a building right.... You see the structure standing there firmly defying the law of gravity. But have you ever wondered the major components that make the building look nice, durable and eco-friendly. Anyways i am going to be shedding more light on the basic components of building. What is a building? - A building acts as an enclosure, for the activiez within it. A building will protect the occupants, equipments, or goods housed within from the various external climate(rain, wind, sun e.t.c) A building must have external walls covered by a roof. The roof will normally rest on the walls and be support by them. The walls in turn, will need a firm base(foundation) to be built upon, which will transfer their weight and that of the roof to the ground beneath. To make the building usable, the internal space enclosed by the external walls and roof may need to be sub-divided into room by the introduction of horizontal di

We are pleased to announce the launching of this bew blog 'ArchBaheez'.A blog that would go a very long way in solving all your building and construction issues.  Various topics would be disscused in progression of this blog launched to achieve greater, durable and more eco- friendly constructions. I am ArchBaheez and i wish you a very good and jolly ride with our blog. Stay in touch as we learn  •Foundation •Walls •Roofing And all other various and major componenets in construction. I ensure you that your time here will not be wasted, as i will strive as much as possible to make the lessons as easy as possible in other for you to congest easily without no hassle. Thank you very much for your time on ArchBaheez Please help us share the word to the world........ And feel completely free to comment anytime, anyday any questions. - ArchBaheez